![]() New estimates of stability constants for aluminum hydroxide complexes are included at the end of the paper. For the fluid inclusions, the measured bubble temperatures are close to those calculated for equilibration of the fluid with the observed sulfide mineral assemblage. The log Q/ K plots show that some discrepancies between Na-K-Ca temperatures on spring waters and actual temperatures result from a failure of alkali feldspars to equilibrate with the fluid and with each other.Ĭalculations on Sulphur Bank fluids show that boiling probably caused cinnabar precipitation near 150☌ and that the boiled fluids equilibrated with secondary minerals near 150° even though temperatures up to 185° have been measured at depth. It is shown that most geothermal waters approach equilibrium with a subsurface mineral assemblage at a temperature close to measured temperatures and that some hot springs also approach equilibrium with the host rock at temperatures above outlet temperatures but commonly below the Na-K-Ca temperatures. ![]() ![]() The calculation is illustrated by application to geothermal waters from Iceland, Broadlands, and Sulphur Bank, hot spring waters from Jemez, Yellowstone and Blackfoot Reservoir (Idaho) and fluid inclusions from the Sunnyside Mine, Colorado. In cases where the fluid departs from equilibrium with a host rock assemblage, it is possible to determine whether this may result from boiling or dilution, and an estimate of amount of lost gas or diluting water can be determined. T for natural waters, it is possible to determine: a) whether the water was in equilibrium with a host rock mineral assemblage, b) probable minerals in the equilibrium assemblage and c) the temperature of equilibrium. The value of log( Q/ K) for each mineral, where K is the equilibrium constant, provides a measure of proximity of the aqueous solution to equilibrium with the mineral. Quick ka to kb conversion, pOH WITHOUT an. #Ph chemistry calculator how toThis video teaches you how to approach this quickly and easily to help you save time and frustration on your MCAT. ![]() Weak base pH/pOH calculations can be the most tedious given a starting ka OR kb, find the pOH then convert to pH. This calculation provides accurate values for the activities of aqueous ions in a given water at high temperature, which are used to calculate an ion activity product ( Q) for each of more than 100 minerals. Video 5 pH pOH ka and kb Calculations for Weak Bases in MCAT Chemistry. This is accomplished by solving simultaneous mass action equations for complexes and redox equilibria and mass balance equations, on all components, including a H + equation with as many as 60 terms (depending on water composition). Using chemical analyses and 25° pH measurements of quenched high-temperature waters, we calculate in situ pH and distribution of aqueous species at high temperature. ![]()
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